Lab models - intestines

Test #6 - Susceptibility to PID in women

Bacteria causing PID can spread upward from the vagina or cervix (opening to the uterus) into the fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus and into the abdominal cavity. (More information on PID)

This question was discussed in class - bacteria gain access to the pelvic cavity through the uterus between the oviduct and the ovary.

Test #6 - Uterus

Describe the uterus. (Sometimes a picture is worth a thousand words...)

Test #5 - Colonoscopy

Journey of a Colonoscopy:

*anus
*external sphincter
*internal sphincter
*anal canal
*rectum
*sigmoid colon
*descending colon
*splenic flexure (by the spleen)
*transverse colon - across the top
*hepatic flexure (by the liver)
*ascending colon
*cecum

From the cecum there will be:
*the ileocecal valve leading to the ileum of the small intestine
*the orifice for the vermiform appendix

Question - Body temperature regulation

Paraolympic athletes who are paraplegic may have difficulty regulating body temperature when they perform. Why?

These are my notes, scattered as usual-
*hypothalamus responsible for regulating temperature
*thermoreceptors in floor of 3rd ventricles
*main control of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system (ANS)
*injury in region T1 to L2

Test #4 - Neural deficit from gunshot

What neural deficit may be experienced from a small caliber gunshot wound to the head affecting the vestibulocochlear and facial nerves?

Vestibulocochlear: conducts impulses of hearing & equilibrium from inner ear.

Facial:
sensory function - taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
somatic motor function - innervates muscles of facial expression and other muscles of the facial region
parasympathetic motor- innervates the lacrimal (tear) gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Test #3 - Rotator cuff

Describe the rotator cuff: <--this is a picture showing the muscles

The rotator cuff is comprised of four muscles attached the the scapula. The actions are best described when compared to pitching a baseball...

subscapularis (wind up for a pitch)
origin: subscapular fossa of the scapula
insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus
action: medially rotates arm
supraspinatus (start to execute the pitch)
origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus
action: abducts arm
teres minor (help to slow down the pitching arm upon completion of the pitch)
origin: upper dorsal lateral border of the scapula (superior to teres major origin)
insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus
infraspinatus (help to slow down the pitching arm upon completion of the pitch)
origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus
action: adducts and laterally rotates arm

Collectively, these four muscles stabilize the glenohumeral joint.
(For more information - read the clinical view on page 360 of the textbook, McKinley & O'Loughlin, Human Anatomy, 2nd edition)