Question - Body temperature regulation

Paraolympic athletes who are paraplegic may have difficulty regulating body temperature when they perform. Why?

These are my notes, scattered as usual-
*hypothalamus responsible for regulating temperature
*thermoreceptors in floor of 3rd ventricles
*main control of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system (ANS)
*injury in region T1 to L2

Test #4 - Neural deficit from gunshot

What neural deficit may be experienced from a small caliber gunshot wound to the head affecting the vestibulocochlear and facial nerves?

Vestibulocochlear: conducts impulses of hearing & equilibrium from inner ear.

Facial:
sensory function - taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
somatic motor function - innervates muscles of facial expression and other muscles of the facial region
parasympathetic motor- innervates the lacrimal (tear) gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Test #4 - labeled diagrams & CSF circulation

I spelled labyrinth wrong on the labeled ear and I'm not entirely sure that I have the correct labeling on the endocrine diagram... but it's my best guess. Martina created an excellent reference for the cerebrospinal fluid formation and circulation which I've included along with some typed notes of questions that she'd compiled and put on the back of flashcards for each step.










CSF FORMATION AND CIRCULATION

Step 1: What two ventricles start the process of creating cerebrospinal fluid?

Step 2: Through what three structures does CSF flow in the second step?

Step 3: What three spaces are potential spaces for the flow of CSF?

Step 4: What does the subarachnoid space do?

Step 5: Describe the fifth step in CSF circulation.

(Answers are written in on the brain diagram that has arrows showing CSF circulation)

Brachial Plexus - Too much fun!

Here are the nerves of the brachial plexus on our live model:

axillary nerve (under the cap sleeve), a group of three starting at the deltoid muscle, anterior side: musculocutaneous nerve (the short one pointing laterally), median nerve (the one in the middle: goes to the palmar side of digits 1,2,3 & half of 4), and ulnar nerve "funny bone" (goes to palmar and dorsal side of digits 4 and 5 - only half of digit 4). Now twist your own arm so you can see your elbow. The radial nerve starts above the elbow joint and wraps around the innervate the dorsal side of digits 1,2,3.

Cool website for memorizing cranial nerves

Thanks Lori for sharing this quizzing link:

Cranial nerves review

Note the following changes in preferred terms to adapt to our study guide:

VIII Vestibulocochlear
XII Accessory

Test #4 - Notes for brain cards

My scanner is super-slow, so this might be faster to share if I type it. Here are the notes that I scribbled on the back of my brain cards. (I printed the brain diagram repetitively, cut them out and colored one region on each card - which was labeled on the back with some notes, definitions, or whatever). This list is just a partial summary but I thought it was useful to match the picture with the notes.

THALAMUS (important filter) - the paired structures on either side of the third ventricle. functions: To act as the principle and final relay point for sensory information that will be processed & projected to the primary sensory cortex. To filter sensory information so that only a small portion of it goes to the cerebrum. To inform the cerebrum as to where sensory information is coming from.

OCCIPITAL LOBE - forms the most posterior region of each cerebral hemisphere. Function of occipital lobe: visual processing and visual memories. Occipital lobe includes the primary visual cortex (function of primary visual cortex: to receive & process visual information).

CORPUS CALLOSUM - large tract of white matter that connects the two halves of the cerebrum and is the main method of communication between them.

CEREBRUM - function: conscious thought processes; origin of all complex intellectual functions. *cerebral cortex: outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum. *gyri: elevated ridges (singular=gyrus) *sulci: shallow depressions (singular=sulcus) *fissures: deep grooves.

FRONTAL LOBE - most anterior of the cerebral lobes. The anatomical borders are the central sulcus and the lateral sulcus. Includes the precentral gyrus (an important anatomical feature of the frontal lobe that lies immediately anterior to the central sulcus.) Primary functions: voluntary motor functions, concentration, verbal communication, decision-making, planning and personality.

PARIETAL LOBE - forms the superoposterior part of each cerebral hemisphere. Includes the precentral gyrus (an important anatomical feature that lies immediately posterior to the central sulcus.) Function of the parietal lobe: evaluating the shape and texture of objects being touched.

Test #4 - nerve cards - part 1 of 7

Included are flashcards for each of the nerves listed on LaJean's summary sheet (which I've re-posted with some scribbled notes). It's a good idea to arrange these in order after printing. I also included the regions along the left side of each card. I highlighted the applicable region on my copy of each printed card. The cranial nerve cards include the entire list of twelve nerves on the right side of each card. I highlighted the name and number of all the nerves that pass through the same foramen as the nerve listed on each card. I also put the diagram for the cranial nerves onto the back of each of those cards and highlighted the corresponding area. The diagram number labels match the Roman numeral for each cranial nerve. Best of luck! If you have questions or requests, please e-mail me at rogneva@cut.net

Test #4 - nerve cards - part 2 of 7

Test #4 - nerve cards - part 3 of 7

Test #4 - nerve cards - part 4 of 7

Test #4 - nerve cards - part 5 of 7

Test #4 - nerve cards - part 6 of 7

Test #4 - nerve cards - part 7 of 7

Test #4 colored & labeled brain diagram

Test #4 diagrams: ear, eye, glands, brain

Glands, Ear, Eye and Brain - Suggested study tip... print multiple copies per page and color one element per card with the identification and information written on the back.

Test #4

These are the summaries that LaJean typed for all of the nerves. Click on an image to view on-screen or right-click to download/save/print images.